Knowledge Wharton
One War We Shouldn't Avoid: A New Approach to Reducing the Cost of Future CatastrophesIn 2005, three major hurricanes -- Katrina, Rita and Wilma -- struck the U.S. Gulf Coast area, causing not just death and destruction, but also leading to insurance payments and federal disaster relief of more than $180 billion...
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Katrina, 9/11, Global Recession: Moving Beyond Old Thinking about New Risks
The 9/11 terrorist attacks, extreme weather events and the financial collapse: These and other recent catastrophes are a wakeup call for the need to better prepare for natural and man-made disasters that have wider effects as the world grows more interconnected...
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Erwann Michel-Kerjan
Managing Director, Risk Management and Decision Processes Center
Adj. Associate Professor, Operations and Information Management Department
Biography Publications Research Conferences
Dr. Erwann O. Michel-Kerjan is an authority on managing the risks, the financial impact and the public policy challenges associated with catastrophic events. He is with the Wharton School of Business (Philadelphia, USA), one of the world’s premier business schools, where he teaches Value Creation in the Wharton MBA program. He is the Managing Director of the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, which for over a quarter of a century has been at the forefront of research and discoveries into how better manage extreme events.
Large-scale risks are reshaping the future of our increasingly interdependent world; this new era calls for a new model. Dr. Michel-Kerjan actively works with top decision makers helping multinational corporations, governments and rulers address this new risk landscape and create sustainable value. Since 2008 he serves as chairman of the OECD Secretary-General Board on Financial Management of Catastrophes which advises the thirty-four Finance Ministers of the OECD’s member countries on these issues.
Dr. Michel-Kerjan was honored by the World Economic Forum (Davos) as a Young Global Leader, a five year nomination bestowed to recognize and acknowledge the most extraordinary leaders of the world under the age of 40. In 2011 he co-led the YGL G20 Paris initiative on Global Risks under the High Patronage of then-President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Recipient in 2011 of the prestigious Kulp-Wright award for the most influential contribution to the literature on risk management (At War with the Weather, MIT Press, with H. Kunreuther), Dr. Michel-Kerjan has authored or coauthored more than 70 publications on catastrophe risk management, given over 100 public speeches, and his views regularly appear in leading media. He has studied at Ecole Polytechnique (France), McGill (Canada) and Harvard (USA).
Books
At War with the WeatherAuthors: Howard C. Kunreuther and Erwann O. Michel-Kerjan, with Neil A. Doherty, Martin F. Grace, Robert W. Klein, and Mark V. PaulyPublisher: MIT Press (2010) >>website >>Buy on Amazon In 2005, three major hurricanes—Katrina, Rita, and Wilma—made landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast within an eight-week period. The damage caused by these storms led to insurance reimbursements and federal disaster relief of more than $180 billion—a record sum. Today we are more vulnerable to catastrophic losses because of the increasing concentration of population and activities in high-risk coastal regions of the country. In At War with the Weather, Howard Kunreuther and Erwann Michel-Kerjan and their colleagues deliver a groundbreaking analysis of how we currently mitigate, insure against, and finance recovery from natural disasters in the United States. The two-year study analyzes data on over 10 million homeowners' policies and the operations of private and state-run insurance companies in the hurricane-prone states of Florida, New York, South Carolina and Texas, interpreted in the context of existing state insurance regulatory systems and the structure of the property insurance market in the United States. "The authors have provided the ultimate institutional and theoretical analysis, and empirical reference source, for hurricane and flood risk insurance and mitigation. At War with the Weather will surely become a sine qua non of every researcher, corporate analyst, and state or federal policymaker, and will be extensively cited. A spectacular work." — Mark J. Machina, Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego " At War with the Weather offers more than just a detailed plan for managing weather risks. It outlines a long-overdue comprehensive, disciplined theory of risk management that applies to all manner of catastrophes." — Michael Chertoff, former U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security "In At War with the Weather , Professors Howard Kunreuther and Erwann Michel-Kerjan and their colleagues present leading thinking in a data-driven analysis of the problem society faces in managing the risk of natural disasters. They analyze the dynamics of the market, including the significance of insurer regulation, and propose innovative solutions. This book is essential reading for anyone searching for solutions to the problem of financing large-scale catastrophes." — Terri M. Vaughan, CEO, National Association of Insurance Commissioners |
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The Irrational Economist: Making Decisions in a Dangerous WorldEditors: Erwann Michel-Kerjan and Paul SlovicPublisher: PublicAffairs Books (2010) >>website >>Buy on Amazon The Irrational Economist tackles head-on the issues affecting us when we need to make decisions both in our day-to-day lives and in the face of catastrophic threats such as natural disasters, climate change, technological accidents, financial crises, and human malevolence, which have occurred at an accelerating pace recently. Distilling the best knowledge from decision sciences, behavioral economics, neuroscience, psychology, management, insurance, and finance, some of the world's leading pioneers in these fields, including several Nobel laureates, introduce the latest discoveries and thinking that might help us to get our decisions right. "Dealing with extra-ordinary situations that cannot be quantified on the basis of past experience is one of the key problems facing investors, business executives and government officials. Michel-Kerjan and Slovic brilliantly rally insights from an outstanding group of authors: There is something here for any reader." -- MARTIN FELDSTEIN, professor of economics, Harvard University; former chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President Reagan "The Irrational Economist challenges conventional wisdoms, overturns traditional economic models, and brings to light new discoveries in decision sciences: The result is a profound revolution in thinking. This book will help us cope better with the myriad of important decisions under uncertainty that we face." -- JOSEPH STIGLITZ, Nobel Prize-winning economist, 2001; former chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President Clinton |
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Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response: How Private Action Can Reduce Public VulnerabilityEditors: P. Auerswald, L. Branscomb, T. LaPorte and E. Michel-KerjanPublisher: New York: Cambridge University Press (2006) This is the first published volume to analyze the business strategy/public policy relationship and the trade-off between private decision making and global security outcomes in that context. Foreword by General R. Marsh (Ret. USAF), former Chairman of the President's Commission on Protection of Critical Infrastructure. "Industries that provide critical infrastructure are becoming more efficient, but more vulnerable. This book introduces security externalities, a phenomenon that inhibits private investments that would make critical infrastructure services more resilient to potential disaster from any source. It calls not only for more leadership but for more realistic policies from both the private and the public sector." -- THOMAS C. SCHELLING, 2005 Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics "With 85% of America's critical infrastructure in private hands, the American people – and America's economy – are not going to be safe without strong, collaborative action by the public and private sector. Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response is thus a timely and important volume that is a must-read for anyone concerned about our nation's security." -- LEE HAMILTON, Vice Chair, 9/11 Commission "This visionary book reveals the vulnerability of our systems which provide the framework for humanity to exist. The response to this millennium challenge can only be found in our capacity to demonstrate innovative collaboration, effective leadership, and courage. I strongly urge top decision makers to read this book; it provides the necessary guidance to go from words to action." -- KLAUS SCHWAB, Founder and Chairman, World Economic Forum "America must work hard to improve its responses to natural disasters and terror attacks. This book demonstrates that effective coordination with the operators of privately-owned critical infrastructure is a vital part of that work, and offers guidance for progress." -- U.S. Senator SUSAN M. COLLINS, Former Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate |
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Treatise on New Risks. Precaution, Crisis, InsuranceAuthors: O. Godard, C. Henry, P. Lagadec, E. Michel-KerjanPublisher: Paris: Gallimard (2002) |
Journal Articles
| Recent Publications |
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"Catastrophe Risk Models for Evaluating Disaster Risk Reduction Investments in Developing Countries" (lead author, with S. Hochrainer-Stigler, H. Kunreuther, J. Linnerooth-Bayer, R. Mechler, R. Muir-Wood, N. Ranger, P. Vaziri and M. Young) Risk Analysis, in press |
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"Insuring Future Climate Catastrophes" (with H. Kunreuther and N. Ranger) Climatic Change, December 2012 |
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"How resilient is your country? " Nature, November 21, 2012 |
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"TRIA at Ten Years: The Future of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program" Testimony before the Committee on Financial Services U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity, September 11, 2012 |
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"Policy Options for Reducing Losses from Natural Disasters " (with H. Kunreuther) Copenhagen Consensus 2012 |
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"Policy Tenure Under the U.S. National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP)" (with S. Lemoyne de Forges and H. Kunreuther) Risk Analysis, 32(4): 644-658, 2012 |
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"Redesigning Flood Insurance" (with H. Kunreuther). Science, (333)6041:408-409, July 22, 2011 |
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"A Methodological Approach for Pricing Flood Insurance and Evaluating Loss Reduction Measures: Application to Texas " (with J. Czajkowski and H. Kunreuther). Wharton Risk Management Center, January, 2012 |
"The Effects of Government Intervention on The Market for Corporate Terrorism Insurance" (with P. Raschky). European Journal of Political Economy, 2011 |
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"Is Imprecise Knowledge Better than Conflicting Expertise? Evidence from Insurers’ Decisions in the United States" (with L. Cabantous, D. Hilton and H. Kunreuther). Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2010, 42(3): 211-232 |
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"Catastrophe Economics: Flood Insurance in the United States" Journal of Economic Perspectives, (2010), 24(4): 165–86. |
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"Long-Term Property Insurance" (with D. Jaffee and H.Kunreuther). Journal of Insurance Regulation,(2010), 29(07): 167-187. |
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"Come Rain or Shine: Evidence on Flood Insurance Purchases in Florida" (with C. Kousky), The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2010, 77:2, 369-397. |
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"Overcoming Decision Biases to Reduce Losses from Natural Catastrophes" (with H. Kunreuther and R. Meyer) in Behavioral Foundations of Policy, E. Shafir (ed.), Princeton University Press (in press, 2012). |
Op-Ed & Media
Working Papers
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"Catastrophe Financing for Governments: Learning from the 2009-2012 Multicat Program in Mexico" OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 9, OECD Publishing. doi: 10.1787/5kgcjf7wkvhb-en , (with I. Zelenko, V. Cardenas and D. Turgel |
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"Corporate Demand for Insurance: An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Market for Catastrophe and Non-Catastrophe Risks" (with P.A. Raschky and H. Kunreuther), 2011, NBER Working Paper #17403. |
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"The Demand for Flood Insurance: The Effect of Damage, News and Govermental Relief over Time and Space" (with C. Kousky and P. Raschky), 2010. |
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Looking at Optimal Risk-Sharing in a Kaleidoscope: The (Market Power, Information) Rotational Symmetry (with D. Henriet), January 2008. |
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"Enhancing Theater Security Cooperation in the 21st Century: How the U.S. Navy Can Help" (with M. Budney and J. Dziminowicz) Risk Center Working Paper #2008-01-02. |
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"The Future of Nuclear Energy Markets and International Security" (with D. Decker) Joint Working Paper, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, January 2008. |
Research Areas
Dr. Erwann Michel-Kerjan's work is focused on managing and financing extreme events, primarily natural disasters and terrorism risk. In particular, his interest is in risk transfer mechanisms to provide financial protection against the consequences of large disasters capable of inflicting billions of dollars of economic losses. Such events require specific collaboration among top decision makers in industry and governments.
2013
| U.S. Public Policy Dialogue, Washington, DC, March 26, 2013 |
| Testimony at the Roundtable for the U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, “Helping Small Businesses Weather Economic Challenges and Natural Disasters." Washington, DC, March 14, 2013 |
| World Economic Forum, "IdeasLab: Building Resilience to Global Risks." Davos, Switzerland, January 23-27, 2013 |
2012
| Meeting of the G20, Mexico City, Mexico, November 2012 |
| Managing and Financing Extreme Events, Wharton Risk Management Center, University of Pennsylvania, October 2012 |
| U.S. Congress; Testimony on terrorism insurance for the House Financial Committee , Washington, DC, September 2012 |
| U.S. National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies (NAMIC) , Washington, DC, September 2012 |
| Canadian Institute of Actuaries, Toronto, Canada, September 2012 |
| G20, Steering Group on Disaster Risk Management, Mexico City, Mexico, September 2012 |
| The World Bank, Washington DC, May 2012 |
| U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (University Conference on Catastrophe Risks and Insurance, Co-organizer with Howard Kunreuther (Wharton) and Ken Froot (Harvard). Boston, MA, May, 2012 |
| Copenhagen Consensus 2012, Copenhagen, May 2012 |
| Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Conference, Austin, TX, May 2012 |
| World Economic Forum, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, April 2012 |
| French Review of Economic Studies, Conference in Honor of Professor Claude Henry (Science Po/Columbia University), Paris, France, March, 2012 |
| French Treasury and French Association for the Protection against Natural Disasters, Paris, France, March, 2012 |
| Reinsurance Association of America Annual Conference , Orlando, FL, April, 2012 |
2011
| Young Global Leaders Annual Summit, Dalian, People's Republic of China, September 12-16, 2011 |
| OECD High-Level Advisory Board, Paris, June 23-24, 2011 |
| Reforming Institutions and Managing Extremes: U.S. Policy Options for Adapting to Climate Change , Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, June 1, 2011 |
| Expanding Risk Management Solutions for Sovereigns, Government Borrowers Forum (GBF), World Bank Treasury, Santiago de Chile, May 9-12, 2011 |
| How Organizations Think About the Unthinkable: A Risk Management Workshop about Avoiding, Managing and Mitigating Crises, University of California, Washington, DC. April 19, 2011 |
| Women's World Banking, Annual Meeting, (Keynote Presentation), New York, NY, April 7, 2011 |
| World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, January 26-30, 2011 |
2010
| The Penn Symposium on Fostering and Financing Long-Term Investments in Prevention and Protection, Wharton Risk Management Center, Penn School of Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania, December 13-14, 2010 |
| Financial Times - Chartis Conference, Emerging Risks for Cross Border Business: Strategies for Evolving Multinational Liabilities, November 30, 2010 |
| Roles for Third Parties in Improving Implementation of EPA’s and OSHA’s Regulations on the Management of Low-Probability, High-Consequence Process Safety Risks, Wharton Risk Management Center, University of Pennsylvania, November 18, 2010 |
| 2010 World Economic Forum on the Middle East and North Africa, Marrakech, Morocco, October 26-28, 2010 |
| 8th Insurance-Linked Securities Summit Bermuda, July 14, 2010 |
| Terrorism Insurance in 2010: Where Do We Stand? OECD Network on the Financial Management of Large-Scale Catastrophes and the Australian Reinsurance Pool Corporation (co-organizer) Paris, France, June 1-2, 2010 |
| Young Global Leaders' Annual Summit 2010 and the World Economic Forum on Africa Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, May 2-7, 2010 |
| U.S. Senator Roger Wicker's Round Table Forum on Flood Insurance Gulfport, MS, April 8, 2010 |
| Greenhouse Markets after Copenhagen: Consequences and Best Practices for Business Management Wharton, March 19, 2010 |
| Department of Homeland Security -- University Network Summit Washington DC, March 10, 2010 |
| 2010 Assembly of the Gilbert F. White National Flood Policy Forum "Managing Risk to Humans and to Floodplain Resources" George Washington University, March 9, 2010 |
| Women's World Banking: Advanced Leadership Workshop Wharton, March 3, 2010 |
| American Economic Association (AEA) "Economics of Security" presenting "Corporate Demand for Insurance: An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Market for Catastrophe and Non-Catastrophe Risks" Atlanta, Georgia, January 4, 2010 |
2009
| Climate-related Catastrophes, Financial Innovations and Development: J-30 before Copenhagen (Co-organizer), Ecole Polytechnique; AXA Chair on Insurance of Extreme Events; EDF Chair on Sustainable Development Paris, France, November 1, 2009 |
| Second Conference of the OECD International Network on the Financial Management of Large-scale Catastrophes Bangkok, Thailand, September 24-25, 2009 |
| Young Global Leaders' Summit Dalian, People's Republic of China, September 8-12, 2009 |
| National Bureau of Economic Research Economics of National Security, Cambridge, MA July 24, 2009 |
| World Economic Forum: Global Leadership Fellows Programme on Globalization Catastrophe Risk Management, The Wharton School, Philadelphia PA, July 8, 2009 |
| Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Forum Paris, France, June 11-12, 2009 |
| National Bureau of Economic Research Insurance Project Workshop, Cambridge, MA, June 9-10, 2009 |
| Climate Decision Making Center Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, May 19-20, 2009 |
| Property Claim Services/Insurance Services Office Catastrophe Conference, Miami, FL, May 3-6, 2009 |
| Florida Catastrophic Storm Risk Management Center Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, April 23, 2009 |
| International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria, March 9-10, 2009 |
| International Seminar at the University of Innsbruck Adaptation to Climate Change: The Role of Insurance, March 6-7, 2009 |
| World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos, Switzerland, January 26-February 1, 2009 |
| Young Global Leaders Annual Meeting Davos, Switzerland, January 28-February 1, 2009 |
| American Enterprise Institute Private Markets and Public Insurance Programs, Washington DC, January 15, 2009 |
2008
| The "Irrational Economist" Conference (Co-Organizer) The Wharton School, Philadelphia, PA, December 4-5, 2008 |
| World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Councils Dubai, United Arab Emirates. November 7-9, 2008 |
| World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin, People's Republic of China. September 25-29, 2008 |
| OECD/UNISDR Senior Symposium on Disaster Preparedness and Financing Beijing, China. September 27-28, 2008 |
| European Commission Network for the Economic Analysis of Terrorism (NEAT) The Economic Analysis of Terrorism: The Current State of Policy-Making and Research. Brussels. September 22, 2008 |
| University of Southern California/Wharton Risk Center "Behavioral Economics and Terrorism Risks" Los Angeles, CA. August 15, 2008 |
| OECD/U.S. Treasury International Conference on Financial Education Washington, DC. May 28, 2008 |
| University of Texas at Dallas Conference on Terrorism and Policy, Dallas, TX. May 15, 2008 |
| Annual Meeting of the NBER Insurance Project Cambridge, MA. May 9, 2008 |
| Florida Catastrophic Storm Risk Management Center 2008 Speaker Series, Florida State University, March 6, 2008 |
| American Economic Association Annual Meeting Invited Session, "Economics of Security Externalities." New Orleans, LA. January 4-6, 2008 |
2007
| Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Science Po) "Managing Large-Scale Risks in a New Era of Catastrophes." Joint Ecole Polytechnique-IDDRI Conference seminar series France. November 13, 2007 |
| New School of Social Research Conference on "Disasters: Recipes and Remedies," Presentation on "The Calculus of Risk vs. Preparedness." New York City. November 1-2, 2007 |
| Princeton University "Behavioral Foundations of Policy." Princeton, NJ. October 19-20, 2007 |
| The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania. Fall 2007 Risk Regulation Seminar Series, Presentation of "Managing Large-Scale Risks in a New Era of Catastrophes." September 25, 2007 |
| Wharton Applied Economic Workshop The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, "Puzzling Evidence from Terrorism Insurance Markets." August 29, 2007 |
| University of Southern California, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) "The Economics of Global Risks," 4th CREATE Annual Conference Los Angeles, CA. August 14-16, 2007 |
| NBER Summer Institute NBER Group on Economics of National Security (Martin Feldstein, organizer), "Puzzling Evidence from Terrorism Insurance Markets. Boston, MA. July 26-27, 2007 |
| Chicago Actuarial Association, Chicago Chapter, Professional Risk Managers' International Association, and Midwest Actuarial Forum Enterprise Risk Management, Global Risks and Prediction Markets, presentation on "Dealing with the Extra-Ordinary: Managing and Financing Global Risks in a Growing Interdependent World," Chicago, IL. June 28, 2007 |
| Center for American Progress "Managing Economic Risk in the Age of Terror: The Role of Government in the Private Insurance Market." Washington, DC. May 21, 2007 |
| Toulouse School of Economics "Environmental Sustainability and Corporate Behavior." Toulouse, France. June 1-2, 2007 |
| Ecole Polytechnique-ADEME "Managing Large-Scale Disasters in a World-Peak Zone." Paris, France. March 23, 2007 |
| The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting, Invited session, "America's Achilles Heel: Critical Infrastructure Services in Time of Disaster." San Francisco, CA. February 15-19, 2007 |
2006
| Council of Foreign Relations "Nuclear Security and the Insurance Industry" (with Debra Decker, Harvard) New York, NY. December 15, 2006 |
| Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government "Assurances of Supply and Non-Proliferation: How Could the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Benefit from Working with the Insurance/Finance Industry?" Boston, MA. November 17, 2006 |
| National Tax Association(99th Annual Conference) "Disasters: Implications for Public Finance and Public Policy." Boston, MA. November 17, 2006 |
| University of Pennsylvania Law Schoo "Climate Change, Insurability of Large-Scale Disasters and the Emerging Liability Challenge," Symposium on Responses to Global Warming: The Law, Economics, and Science of Climate Change Philadelphia, PA. November 16-17, 2006 |
| INFORMS Meeting "The Role of Insurance in Managing Large-Scale Natural Disasters." Session on Natural Disasters Pittsburgh, PA. November 7, 2006 |
| Wharton Risk Center/ISTAR/Lockheed Martin "Global Supply Chain Security" (organizer) Philadelphia, PA. November 3, 2006 |
| University of Minnesota "Homeland Security and Food Safety." Minneapolis, MN. November 1, 2006 |
| University of Southern California, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) Economics Assessment of Hurricane Katrina. 3rd Annual Conference Los Angeles, CA. August 2006 |
| NBER Summer Institute Group on Economics of National Security (Martin Feldstein, organizer) Cambridge, MA. July 2006 |
| Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Conference on "Mitigation of Large-Scale Disasters." Insurance and Pension Funds Committee Geneva, Switzerland. July 2006 |
| Carnegie Mellon/Wharton Joint Conference on "Insurance and Global Warming" (co-organizer) Washington, DC. May 2006 |
| Wharton Conference on "Interdependent Security." Philadelphia, PA. May 2006 |
| NBER Annual Meeting of the Insurance Group. Cambridge, MA. February 2006 |
| Ecole Polytechnique-EDF Conference on Protection of Critical Infrastructure and Financing Extreme Events (organizer) Paris, France. February 2006 |
2005
| George Washington University, Homeland Security Policy Institute "The Future of Terrorism Risk Insurance Post TRIA." Washington, DC. October 2005 |
| University of Southern California, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) Los Angeles, CA. August 2005 |
| Harvard's Kennedy School/SwissRe Global Dialogue Forum "Building a Global Reaction Capacity: The Case of Anthrax Threat." Zurich, Switzerland. June 2005 |
| U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Participation in the Insurance Group Workshop Cambridge, MA. February 2005 |
| Wharton Risk Center Annual Extreme Events Conference Philadelphia, PA. February 2005 |
2004
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole des Mines de Paris Nice Sophia-Antipolis, November 2004 |
| Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) "Insurability of Mega-Terrorism," Insurance and Financial Institutions Committee Paris, France. November 2004 |
| International Risk Governance Council Geneva, Switzerland. June 2004 |
| Harvard University Kennedy School, "Critical Infrastructure Protection." Boston, MA. May 2004 |
| Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations "Financing Large-Scale Risks and Disasters: Public-Private Collaboration, Myths and Realities," Paris, France. March 2004 |
| U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Participation in the Insurance Group Workshop Cambridge, MA. February 2004 |
| Wharton Risk Center Annual Extreme Events Conference Philadelphia, PA. February 2004 |
| University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory "Terrorism Risk Financing," Berkeley, CA. January 2004 |
2003
| Geneva Center for Security Policy "Critical Infrastructure Protection," Geneva, Switzerland. November 2003 |
| Paris Chamber of Commerce - Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Paris (CCIP "Firms Facing New Risks," Paris, France. 2003 |




